Cette partie du cours est consacrée how to build the cultural industries of radio and television in the United States and Europe in the twentieth century. We will examine how new media are constructed and construct a new popular culture. One wonders also how mass media can "make company", to what extent they offer their listeners and viewers a shared imagination. We can then assess the adequacy of their criticisms have been addressed.
We will consider first the broadcast networks created in the U.S. in the first half of the twentieth siècle.On see how these radios invented a mode of operation technical and economic-based network concept and funding through advertising. We also study how they develop characteristics of cultural objects: the series (serials) and especially sitcoms.
The next chapter describes how to set up the U.S. private television networks in 1950-1960 and how they replicated the model of broadcast networks. These elements can be placed in context specific historical criticism of the mass media, both philosophical and historical, made in 1930 and 1940 and recalled in the chapter V.
The last two chapters can raise a hand setting up the system quite different public television in Europe. Their economic foundations and regulations are different and also their content. They contribute in an original way to the creation of modern national cultures. We analyze the case of France the political and symbolic drama of two classic ORTF. The final chapter illustrates how emerging in Europe after 1980, private TV and discusses new features of their programs.
Overall we will see in Chapters 3, 4 and 5 how to set up the technical model and economic "networks", which combines funding from advertising, audience measurement and creation of narrative forms (the serials, soaps, sitcoms) that aim to reach a maximum audience. Then we'll see what the criticism by intellectuals conventional these new forms of mass culture.
The following chapters provide an understanding of how television models based on public funding and freedmen, to some extent, the need to seek a maximum audience suggest other ways to build a collective identity through the values and representations conveyed by fiction programs of different type of series or sitcom.
We will consider first the broadcast networks created in the U.S. in the first half of the twentieth siècle.On see how these radios invented a mode of operation technical and economic-based network concept and funding through advertising. We also study how they develop characteristics of cultural objects: the series (serials) and especially sitcoms.
The next chapter describes how to set up the U.S. private television networks in 1950-1960 and how they replicated the model of broadcast networks. These elements can be placed in context specific historical criticism of the mass media, both philosophical and historical, made in 1930 and 1940 and recalled in the chapter V.
The last two chapters can raise a hand setting up the system quite different public television in Europe. Their economic foundations and regulations are different and also their content. They contribute in an original way to the creation of modern national cultures. We analyze the case of France the political and symbolic drama of two classic ORTF. The final chapter illustrates how emerging in Europe after 1980, private TV and discusses new features of their programs.
Overall we will see in Chapters 3, 4 and 5 how to set up the technical model and economic "networks", which combines funding from advertising, audience measurement and creation of narrative forms (the serials, soaps, sitcoms) that aim to reach a maximum audience. Then we'll see what the criticism by intellectuals conventional these new forms of mass culture.
The following chapters provide an understanding of how television models based on public funding and freedmen, to some extent, the need to seek a maximum audience suggest other ways to build a collective identity through the values and representations conveyed by fiction programs of different type of series or sitcom.
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